Surgical epidemiology of spinal cord tumors at Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia

Endi Suryo Utomo; Happy Kurnia Broto Arianto; Ajid Risdianto; Dody Priambada; Erie Bambang Priyono Setyabudi Andar; Zainal Muttaqin; Muhamad Thohar Arifin; Krisna Tsaniadi Prihastomo; Yuriz Bakhtiar

doi:10.15562/bmj.v12i2.4450

Surgical epidemiology of spinal cord tumors at Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia

Endi Suryo Utomo ,

Happy Kurnia Broto Arianto ,

Ajid Risdianto ,

Dody Priambada ,

Erie Bambang Priyono Setyabudi Andar ,

Zainal Muttaqin ,

Muhamad Thohar Arifin ,

Krisna Tsaniadi Prihastomo ,

Yuriz Bakhtiar ,

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v12i2.4450 |
Published: 2023-07-04

Abstract

Link of Video Abstract: https://youtu.be/JhROjWPKuAc

Background: Primary spinal cord tumors are rare central nervous system tumors that could develop at any age and have different management strategies based on the histopathological types. However, there is a lack of literature in Indonesia regarding the epidemiology and surgical treatment of patients with spinal cord tumors. This study aims to review and address the incidence of primary spinal cord tumors in Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang.

Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using medical records of patients with spinal cord tumors at Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Central Java, from 2019 to 2022. The frequency of each tumor, classified by gender, age, histologic type, anatomical position, and location based on vertebral segment, was analyzed to provide a descriptive result. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 for Windows.

Results: A total of 125 patients were identified with the mean age of patients being 43.95 ± 15.28 years old and a slight predominance of males (52.00%). Schwannoma (26.40%) and meningioma (24.80%) were the two most common histological types of tumors. Most of the tumor was intradural extramedullary (47.20%) and at the level of thoracic vertebrae (46.80%). The histologic type of the tumors was found to be associated with the patient’s age and the tumor’s anatomical position.

Conclusion: The incidence of spinal cord tumors in Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, is dominated by meningioma and schwannoma, mostly located at the thoracal level with an intradural extramedullary position. There is a significant association between the histological type of tumor and the patient's age and the location of the tumor

References

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Niemeyer B, Marchiori E. Anaplastic Ganglioglioma Involving the Entire Length of the Spinal Cord. European Neurology. 2018;79(3–4):125.
Newton HB. Overview of Spinal Cord Tumor Epidemiology. In: Handbook of Neuro-Oncology Neuroimaging: Second Edition. Academic Press: Elsevier. 2016:35–39.
Chamberlain MC, Tredway TL. Adult primary intradural spinal cord tumors: A review. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2011;11(3):320–328.
McCormick PC, Torres R, Post KD, Stein BM. Intramedullary ependymoma of the spinal cord. Journal of Neurosurgery. 1990;72(4):523–532.
Wuerdeman M, Douglass S, Abda R Ben, Krasnokutsky M. A rare case of primary spinal cord melanoma. Radiology Case Reports. 2018;13(2):424–426.
Goodwin ML, Buchowski JM, Schwab JH, Sciubba DM. Spinal Tumors: Diagnosis and Treatment. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2022;30(17):e1106-e1121.
Su Y, Lieu A, Lin C, Lee K, Hwang Y, Yen C, et al. Analysis of Surgically Treated Intraspinal Tumors in Southern Taiwan. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2007 Nov 26;23(11):573–578.
Hirano K, Imagama S, Sato K, Kato F, Yukawa Y, Yoshihara H, et al. Primary spinal cord tumors: review of 678 surgically treated patients in Japan. A multicenter study. European Spine Journal. 2012;21(10):2019–2026.
Suh YL, Koo H, Seung Kim T, Chi JG, Park SH, Kwang Khang S, et al. Tumors of the central nervous system in Korea: a multicenter study of 3221 cases. J Neurooncol. 2002;56(3):251–259.
Wu YL, Chang CY, Hsu SS, Yip CM, Liao WC, Chen JY, et al. Intraspinal tumors: Analysis of 184 patients treated surgically. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association. 2014;77(12):626–629.
Schellinger KA, Propp JM, Villano JL, McCarthy BJ. Descriptive epidemiology of primary spinal cord tumors. J Neurooncol. 2008;87(2):173–179.
Wu YL, Chang CY, Hsu SS, Yip CM, Liao WC, Chen JY, et al. Intraspinal tumors: Analysis of 184 patients treated surgically. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association. 2014;77(12):626–629.
Engelhard HH, Villano JL, Porter KR, Stewart AK, Barua M, Barker FG, et al. Clinical presentation, histology, and treatment in 430 patients with primary tumors of the spinal cord, spinal meninges, or cauda equina. J Neurosurg Spine. 2010;13(1):67–77.
Preston-Martin S. Descriptive epidemiology of primary tumors of the spinal cord and spinal meninges in Los Angeles County, 1972-1985. Neuroepidemiology. 1990;9(2):106–111.
Westwick H, Shamji MF. Effects of sex on the incidence and prognosis of spinal meningiomas: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results study. J Neurosurg Spine. 2015;23(3):368–373.
Duong LM, McCarthy BJ, McLendon RE, Dolecek TA, Kruchko C, Douglas LL, et al. Descriptive epidemiology of malignant and nonmalignant primary spinal cord, spinal meninges, and cauda equina tumors, United States, 2004-2007. Cancer. 2012;118(17):4220–4227.
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Tihan T, Chi JH, McCormick PC, Ames CP, Parsa AT. Pathologic and epidemiologic findings of intramedullary spinal cord tumors. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2006;17(1):7–11.
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[1] Hussain I, Parker WE, Barzilai O, Bilsky MH. Surgical Management of Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors. Neurosurgery Clinics of North America. 2020;31(2):237–249.

[2] Niemeyer B, Marchiori E. Anaplastic Ganglioglioma Involving the Entire Length of the Spinal Cord. European Neurology. 2018;79(3–4):125.

[3] Newton HB. Overview of Spinal Cord Tumor Epidemiology. In: Handbook of Neuro-Oncology Neuroimaging: Second Edition. Academic Press: Elsevier. 2016:35–39.

[4] Chamberlain MC, Tredway TL. Adult primary intradural spinal cord tumors: A review. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2011;11(3):320–328.

[5] McCormick PC, Torres R, Post KD, Stein BM. Intramedullary ependymoma of the spinal cord. Journal of Neurosurgery. 1990;72(4):523–532.

[6] Wuerdeman M, Douglass S, Abda R Ben, Krasnokutsky M. A rare case of primary spinal cord melanoma. Radiology Case Reports. 2018;13(2):424–426.

[7] Goodwin ML, Buchowski JM, Schwab JH, Sciubba DM. Spinal Tumors: Diagnosis and Treatment. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2022;30(17):e1106-e1121.

[8] Su Y, Lieu A, Lin C, Lee K, Hwang Y, Yen C, et al. Analysis of Surgically Treated Intraspinal Tumors in Southern Taiwan. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2007 Nov 26;23(11):573–578.

[9] Hirano K, Imagama S, Sato K, Kato F, Yukawa Y, Yoshihara H, et al. Primary spinal cord tumors: review of 678 surgically treated patients in Japan. A multicenter study. European Spine Journal. 2012;21(10):2019–2026.

[10] Suh YL, Koo H, Seung Kim T, Chi JG, Park SH, Kwang Khang S, et al. Tumors of the central nervous system in Korea: a multicenter study of 3221 cases. J Neurooncol. 2002;56(3):251–259.

[11] Wu YL, Chang CY, Hsu SS, Yip CM, Liao WC, Chen JY, et al. Intraspinal tumors: Analysis of 184 patients treated surgically. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association. 2014;77(12):626–629.

[12] Schellinger KA, Propp JM, Villano JL, McCarthy BJ. Descriptive epidemiology of primary spinal cord tumors. J Neurooncol. 2008;87(2):173–179.

[13] Wu YL, Chang CY, Hsu SS, Yip CM, Liao WC, Chen JY, et al. Intraspinal tumors: Analysis of 184 patients treated surgically. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association. 2014;77(12):626–629.

[14] Engelhard HH, Villano JL, Porter KR, Stewart AK, Barua M, Barker FG, et al. Clinical presentation, histology, and treatment in 430 patients with primary tumors of the spinal cord, spinal meninges, or cauda equina. J Neurosurg Spine. 2010;13(1):67–77.

[15] Preston-Martin S. Descriptive epidemiology of primary tumors of the spinal cord and spinal meninges in Los Angeles County, 1972-1985. Neuroepidemiology. 1990;9(2):106–111.

[16] Westwick H, Shamji MF. Effects of sex on the incidence and prognosis of spinal meningiomas: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results study. J Neurosurg Spine. 2015;23(3):368–373.

[17] Duong LM, McCarthy BJ, McLendon RE, Dolecek TA, Kruchko C, Douglas LL, et al. Descriptive epidemiology of malignant and nonmalignant primary spinal cord, spinal meninges, and cauda equina tumors, United States, 2004-2007. Cancer. 2012;118(17):4220–4227.

[18] Bhat AR, Kirmani AR, Wani MA, Bhat MH. Incidence, histopathology, and surgical outcome of tumors of spinal cord, nerve roots, meninges, and vertebral column - Data based on single institutional (Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences) experience. J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2016;7(3):381–391.

[19] Patil CG, Patil TS, Lad SP, Boakye M. Complications and outcomes after spinal cord tumor resection in the United States from 1993 to 2002. Spinal Cord. 2008;46(5):375–379.

[20] Tish S, Habboub G, Lang M, Ostrom QT, Kruchko C, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, et al. The epidemiology of spinal schwannoma in the United States between 2006 and 2014. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine SPI. 2020;32(5):661–666.

[21] Park BJ, Dougherty MC, Noeller J, Nourski K V, Gold CJ, Menezes AH, et al. Spinal Meningioma in Adults: Imaging Characteristics, Surgical Outcomes, and Risk Factors for Recurrence. World Neurosurg. 2022;164:e852–60.

[22] Albanese V, Platania N. Spinal intradural extramedullary tumors. Personal experience. J Neurosurg Sci. 2002;46(1):18–24.

[23] Rasras S, Kiani A. Intradural Extramedullary Spinal Tumors. Brain and Spinal Tumors - Primary and Secondary. In: Brain and Spinal Tumors - Primary and Secondary. 2020:289–304.

[24] Tihan T, Chi JH, McCormick PC, Ames CP, Parsa AT. Pathologic and epidemiologic findings of intramedullary spinal cord tumors. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2006;17(1):7–11.

[25] Mulyadi R, Islam AA, Murtala B, Tammase J, Hatta M, Firdaus M. Diagnostic yield of the combined Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to predict malignant brain tumor. Bali Medical Journal. 2020;9(1):239-245.

[26] Dharmajaya R, Mouza A. Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) on recurrent intracranial meningiomas: A case report. Bali Medical Journal. 2019;8(3):569-572.

[27] Arifin MT, Setiawan FE, Prihastomo KT, Bintoro AC, Harahap S, Sasongko H, et al. Awake craniotomy procedure for near eloquent cortical area for brain tumor case series: Initial experience and the anesthetic challenges. Bali Medical Journal. 2020;9(2):531-536.

Surgical epidemiology of spinal cord tumors at Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia

Abstract

References

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