D-dimer level differences in pneumonia patients than in COVID-19

Rahayu Anggraini; Eppy  Setiyowati; Difran Nobel  Bistara; Firdaus; Budhi  Setianto

doi:10.15562/bmj.v12i3.4359

D-dimer level differences in pneumonia patients than in COVID-19

Rahayu Anggraini ,

Eppy Setiyowati ,

Difran Nobel Bistara ,

Firdaus ,

Budhi Setianto ,

pdf |
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v12i3.4359 |
Published: 2023-09-22

Abstract

Introduction: Pneumonia, also known as pneumonia, is caused by inflammation of the air sacs (alveoli) in one or both lungs. In severe pneumonia, intravascular and intra-alveolar coagulation occurs, which is a response to local and systemic inflammatory processes. The clinical consequence of these changes in coagulation is an increase in the level of D-Dimer which causes death. The purpose of this study was to evaluate D-Dimer in 29 pneumonia patients and 37 COVID-19 patients at Jemursari Hospital.

Methods: This research is quantitative with a cross-sectional analytic observational method. The research sample was obtained from the Jemursari Islamic Hospital in Surabaya for pneumonia and Covid-19 patients in 2021

Results: The results of the study, a number of women more than men. In women 63,6% and in men 36,4%, while the age is 46-54 years in pneumonia patients 28% and in Covid-19 patients 30%. D-Dimer levels in pneumonia patients 1001-2000 ng/mL were 35% higher compared to COVID-19 patients 501-1000 ng/mL were 30%. Mann Whitney's non-parametric test results obtained p=0.041 (p<0.05), meaning that there was a difference in D-Dimer levels between pneumonia patients and COVID-19.

Conclusion: D-Dimer levels were more elevated in pneumonia patients than in Covid-19, so Covid-19 infection did not exacerbate coagulation and fibrinolysis activities.

References

Demelo-Rodríguez P, Cervilla-Muñoz E, Ordieres-Ortega L, Parra-Virto A, Toledano-Macías M, Toledo-Samaniego N, et al. Incidence of asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and elevated D-dimer levels. Thromb Res. 2020;192.
Arslan S, Ugurlu S, Bulut G, Akkurt I. The association between plasma d-dimer levels and community-acquired pneumonia. Clinics. 2010;65(6).
World Health Organization. WHO | Pneumonia. Who. 2016.
Saraswati R, Hakim DDL, Garna H. Kadar D-Dimer Plasma sebagai Prediktor Kematian Penderita Pneumonia Usia 2–59 Bulan. Majalah Kedokteran Bandung. 2012;44(1).
Kurniawati D, Prasetyo B, Pandu H, Nurdianto AR. Clinical presentation of maternal death with COVID-19 in rural tertiary care center: A retrospective-descriptive Study. Bali Medical Journal. 2022;11(1):87–90.
Minanti BR, Soelistijo SA, Pranoto A. Characteristic profiles of patients with diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 during the second epidemic wave in East Java, Indonesia: a retrospective study. Bali Medical Journal. 2023;12(1):1120–6. Available from: www.balimedicaljournal.org
Yu B, Li X, Chen J, Ouyang M, Zhang H, Zhao X, et al. Evaluation of variation in D-dimer levels among COVID-19 and bacterial pneumonia: a retrospective analysis. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2020;50(3).
Tang N, Li D, Wang X, Sun Z. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2020;18(4).
Durmaz N, Selçuk Duru N, Elevli M, Çivilibal M, Şahin K. Evaluation of Serum D-dimer Levels in Children with Pneumonia. Haseki Tıp Bülteni. 2016;54(1).
Gungor B, Atici A, Baycan OF, Alici G, Ozturk F, Tugrul S, et al. Elevated D-dimer levels on admission are associated with severity and increased risk of mortality in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vol. 39, American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2021.
Rahman S, Yusuf M, Rizal S, Amirsyah M, Pratama R. Risk assessment for surgeries during covid-19 pandemic in dr. Zainoel abidin hospital, banda aceh, indonesia. Bali Medical Journal. 2021;10(1):387–91.
Yu HH, Qin C, Chen M, Wang W, Tian DS. D-dimer level is associated with the severity of COVID-19. Thromb Res. 2020;195.
Güneysel O, Pirmit S, Karakurt S. Plasma d-dimer levels increase with the severity of community acquired pneumonia. Tuberk Toraks. 2004;52(4).
Zhang C, Wu Z, Li JW, Zhao H, Wang GQ. Cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19: interleukin-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab may be the key to reduce mortality. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;55(5).
Marini JJ, Gattinoni L. Management of COVID-19 Respiratory Distress. Vol. 323, JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association. 2020.
George B, Megally M, Mrejen-Shakin K. SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX AND SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOMEDIASTINUM IN NON-INTUBATED PATIENTS IN THE SETTING OF SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS 2. Chest. 2020;158(4).

[1] Demelo-Rodríguez P, Cervilla-Muñoz E, Ordieres-Ortega L, Parra-Virto A, Toledano-Macías M, Toledo-Samaniego N, et al. Incidence of asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and elevated D-dimer levels. Thromb Res. 2020;192.

[2] Arslan S, Ugurlu S, Bulut G, Akkurt I. The association between plasma d-dimer levels and community-acquired pneumonia. Clinics. 2010;65(6).

[3] World Health Organization. WHO | Pneumonia. Who. 2016.

[4] Saraswati R, Hakim DDL, Garna H. Kadar D-Dimer Plasma sebagai Prediktor Kematian Penderita Pneumonia Usia 2–59 Bulan. Majalah Kedokteran Bandung. 2012;44(1).

[5] Kurniawati D, Prasetyo B, Pandu H, Nurdianto AR. Clinical presentation of maternal death with COVID-19 in rural tertiary care center: A retrospective-descriptive Study. Bali Medical Journal. 2022;11(1):87–90.

[6] Minanti BR, Soelistijo SA, Pranoto A. Characteristic profiles of patients with diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 during the second epidemic wave in East Java, Indonesia: a retrospective study. Bali Medical Journal. 2023;12(1):1120–6. Available from: www.balimedicaljournal.org

[7] Yu B, Li X, Chen J, Ouyang M, Zhang H, Zhao X, et al. Evaluation of variation in D-dimer levels among COVID-19 and bacterial pneumonia: a retrospective analysis. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2020;50(3).

[8] Tang N, Li D, Wang X, Sun Z. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2020;18(4).

[9] Durmaz N, Selçuk Duru N, Elevli M, Çivilibal M, Şahin K. Evaluation of Serum D-dimer Levels in Children with Pneumonia. Haseki Tıp Bülteni. 2016;54(1).

[10] Gungor B, Atici A, Baycan OF, Alici G, Ozturk F, Tugrul S, et al. Elevated D-dimer levels on admission are associated with severity and increased risk of mortality in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vol. 39, American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2021.

[11] Rahman S, Yusuf M, Rizal S, Amirsyah M, Pratama R. Risk assessment for surgeries during covid-19 pandemic in dr. Zainoel abidin hospital, banda aceh, indonesia. Bali Medical Journal. 2021;10(1):387–91.

[12] Yu HH, Qin C, Chen M, Wang W, Tian DS. D-dimer level is associated with the severity of COVID-19. Thromb Res. 2020;195.

[13] Güneysel O, Pirmit S, Karakurt S. Plasma d-dimer levels increase with the severity of community acquired pneumonia. Tuberk Toraks. 2004;52(4).

[14] Zhang C, Wu Z, Li JW, Zhao H, Wang GQ. Cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19: interleukin-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab may be the key to reduce mortality. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;55(5).

[15] Marini JJ, Gattinoni L. Management of COVID-19 Respiratory Distress. Vol. 323, JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association. 2020.

[16] George B, Megally M, Mrejen-Shakin K. SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX AND SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOMEDIASTINUM IN NON-INTUBATED PATIENTS IN THE SETTING OF SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS 2. Chest. 2020;158(4).

D-dimer level differences in pneumonia patients than in COVID-19

Abstract

References

How to Cite

Search Panel